快速搭建Linux服务器环境

快速搭建Linux服务器环境

工作中大部分都是用windows的电脑，这里以windows为例，博主的电脑升级成了windows11，过程和之前的版本差别不大。

1. 先在电脑安装虚拟机

这里我们安装的是：virtualbox，可去官网下载安装包安装。

官网下载虚拟机安装包：https://www.virtualbox.org/

2. 安装vagrant工具

Vagrant 提供易于配置、可复制和可移植的工作环境。更多详情请访问官方地址。

加速安装系统环境，官网下载安装包：https://www.vagrantup.com/

可在搜索页找到我们想安装的模板：https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search

找到要安装系统，比如：centos/7

3. 安装centos7

比如我们需要把系统安装到C:linux 下面
打开windows的cmd 命令行，执行

> cd C:linux
> vagrant init centos/7
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

执行命令后就会在C:linux文件夹下生成一个Vagrantfile 文件

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "centos/7"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Ansible, Chef, Docker, Puppet and Salt are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

注意其中有一行是注释掉的，config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10" 这里设置的要安装的centos机器的ip地址，只有本机才可以访问，放开这一行注释。

启动centos7

> vagrant up

成功后就可以看到

这里我根据上面的过程如法炮制共安装了四个。

4. 简单使用

在当前Vagrantfile 所在路径下，打开cmd窗口，执行以下命令：

# 进入linux 环境
vagrant ssh

比如：

如果你想切换到root用户的话：

root 用户的密码默认都是：vagrant

你是不是有疑问，为啥在windows上面就直接进linux 终端了呢？

因为vagrant 帮我们在虚拟机上添加了端口映射，打开虚拟机可以看到：

步骤：选中当期机器 -> 点击设置 -> 点击网络 -> 点击网卡1的端口转发

这里你也可以添加端口转发规则，因为centos虚拟机我们配置的是只有当前主机可以访问，如果你在虚拟机上部署了一些服务，并且希望你的同事也能访问到，你就可以自定义端口转发了。
需要注意的是主机ip需要时你当前网络的ip地址，不能写127.0.0.1，要不然还是只有你自己可以访问。

我需要在机器上安装一些软件，需要一个下载工具，可以使用wget

# 查看是否安装wget，有输出就表示已安装
> rpm -qa | grep wget

# 通过yum安装 -y 默认选项都选yes
> yum install -y wget

安装后就可以通过wget 下载软件了

比如下载kafka安装包：

 > wget https://dl0.serctl.com/downloads8/2021-11-05-12-14-20--kafka_2.13-3.0.0.tgz

# 如果报错，可以不验证证书
wget --no-check-certificate https://dl0.serctl.com/downloads8/2021-11-05-12-14-20--kafka_2.13-3.0.0.tgz

到处结束，你可以愉快的玩耍了。

有什么问题？欢迎大家评论。